![]() The paper concludes with some cautionary remarks about the current Islam-West clash environment. The main instrument in this effort was extreme violence, sanctioned by the Church, inflicted upon the natives, and predicated on the Portuguese Inquisition and earlier crusades. In the game for the third place, Nacional secured bronze following a tight win over Portuguesa. It is also a title for our crowd, for our people, who were awesome all the time. Besides the trophy, we also secured a berth in the National Championship. ![]() ![]() The other key motive in this enormous undertaking was to displace Arab control of the spice trade and establish, instead, Portuguese hegemony that eventually resulted in colonialism/imperialism. It was a wonderful achievement, Antonio Junior explained. Accolades for this achievement have long obscured the messianic motivation for the 1498 voyage, “to invade, capture, vanquish, and subdue all Saracens (Muslims) and pagans and other enemies of Christ to reduce them to perpetual slavery to convert them to Christianity to acquire great wealth by force of arms from the Infidels,” as sanctified by various Papal Bulls, together called “the Doctrine of Discovery” ( Dum Diversas, 1452 Romanus Pontifex, 1455 Inter Caetera, 1493). The Portuguese explorer, Vasco da Gama (1460-1524), was the first European to sail from Portugal to India. century unification United Nations United States Constitution university urban center urban community vaccine Vasco da Gama Versailles Versailles Treaty. ![]()
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